- Bulk density: 0.547–0.657 g/ml (whole grain).
- Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and Water Solubility Index (WSI) are key functional properties.
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- Starch: 60–64%; rich in β-glucan (soluble fiber).
- Fatty acids (lipid fraction): palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic.
- Anti-nutritional factors: NSP (162.6 g/kg), tannins, and phytate (109.4 g/kg).
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- Crude Protein: ~11.6% (DM basis).
- Ether Extract (Fat): ~2.08% (DM basis).
- Crude Fiber: ~4.47% (DM basis).
- Crude Ash: 2.74% (DM basis).
- Limiting amino acids: lysine, followed by methionine, threonine, and tryptophan.
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